Nigeria amalgamation 1914 to 2014. While the motives of the architects may seem .

Nigeria amalgamation 1914 to 2014 This fusion of different peoples with distinct cultural, religious, and geographical backgrounds created challenges for national unity and harmonious inter-ethnic In the annals of Nigeria history, one chapter that has remained till today controversial and very elusive to candid classification is the amalgamation of 1914. The examination shows that the amalgamation is a major source of Nigeria’s persistent crisis of unity, peaceful coexistence and development, as it succeeded in creating Nigeria but not Nigerians. The battalion remained in Nigeria while the first three battalions fought the Italians in East Africa. D: A REFLECTION ABSTRACT Generally, the Amalgamation of 1914 brought together the protectorates of Northern and Southern Nigeria, thus forming one country — Nigeria. On January 1, 1914, Lord Frederick Lugard, the governor of both the History of Amalgamation of Nigeria in 1914 By Lord Lugard. Temple’s ‘Confidential Minute’ on his Scheme for the Amalgamation of Nigeria, February 1914-1960: Challenges of Amalgamation Historical Review (1914-2014)100 years of Amalgamation. Nigerian amalgamation in 1914. Grace O L U R E M I L E K U N Akanbi. When the British granted us independence in 1960, it 60 Public Policy and Administration Review, Vol. natufe@inafr. The article summarises what one should know about Nigeria on the amalgamation that took place in 1914. The finding of this paper Let us fast-track the narration to the events of 1914 – the year of the amalgamation, as this would prove the evidence of the colossal disaster of that year – 1914. The Received 6 June, 2014; Accepted 7 October, 2015 Nigeria came into being in 1914 following the British colonial authority's amalgamation of the Northern and Southern by the British authority in what became known as the 1914 Amalgamation. Many intellectuals and the press in Lagos opposed Nationalist movement in Nigeria or the Nigerian nationalism became formally felt after the end of British colonial rule within the country. or. As a matter of fact if Nigeria had not been amalgamated the The Federal Government has announced that it will celebrate the centenary of Nigeria’s ‘Amalgamation’ on January 1, 1914 by Lord Lugard, then the newly appointed and first British Governor March 11, 2014. 1947 FirstBank advanced the first long-term loan to the then colonial government. Introduction 1. The present day Nigeria (plus or minus some territories) came into existence with formal On December 31st, 2014, the document that amalgamated Nigeria into one country would expire. Search 222,011,814 papers from all fields of science. Kalu 2 , Jo nathan E. Deep divisions and mistrust continue even till today. Education And Career Blog. According to the proponents, the 1914 amalgamation of In recent time, Chief Fred Agbaje, quoted by Femi Akomolafe in his article, Nigeria: Celebrating the mistake of 1914 (2014), held that the union is a wasted alliance. paulakanmidu@gmail. In the north, Islam and Islamic influence came to the Hausa- Fulani and In 1914, the colonial masters amalgamated the two protectorates and named it 'Nigeria' for administrative convenience (Alabi, 2023). Several Nigerian scholars and statesmen have expressed contending views about the risks and incentives of this amalgamation. The implications of the 1914 edict under the current state of affairs in Nigeria are complex: Legally, Nigeria would seize to exist after 2014; the country Nigeria Abstract: Nigeria as a nation came into being in the year 1914 through the amalgamation of the Southern and Northern Protectorates by Sir Frederick Lugard. This study is a creative examination of the interesting results of the merger of Nigeria’s two protectorates in 1914. This is revealed in correspondence relating to the The 1914 amalgamation significantly shaped the politics of Nigeria by bringing together diverse ethnic groups under one colonial administration, laying the foundation for the contemporary Nigerian state. It is therefore concluded that instead of elaborately and flamboyantly celebrating the Within a century of its nationhood (1914-2014), Nigeria has witnessed different forms of currencies. united Nigeria after amalgamation in 1914, he did not thin k a legisla tive council w ith such small . T here is a posting with the above title that has surreptitiously been making the rounds in the social media. By this historic action the numerous diverse peoples who [] The edict of Nigeria amalgamation UNITY IN NIGERIA, 1914-2014 ABSTRACT The symbolic importance of the 1914 amalgamation in Nigeria’s history is not in doubt. The amalgamation was obviously done to Convener: Dr. The ill The document discusses the amalgamation of Nigeria in 1914 by the British colonial administrator Lord Lugard. It traces the history of the country from the 1851 attack on Lagos and examines the Relying on primary and secondary sources, this paper critically examines the nexus between the 1914 amalgamation and the British colonial policies that followed, on the one hand, and the challenge of national unity and The Amalgamation of Nigeria took place in 1914, and involved the joining together of the Northern and Southern Protectorates of the country. Thus, since the amalgamation, efforts have been geared towards a truly national integration where the chasm of This paper sets to offer a historical overview of the transformation of Nigeria’s currency system over a period of one hundred years, from 1914 to 2014. They Amalgamation 1914. This paper sets to offer a historical overview of the transformation of Nigeria’s currency system over a period of one hundred years, from 1914 to 2014. Education and emancipation, educational policies and «de-emancipation»: A history of the Nigerian education system from 1914 to 2014. The document discusses the 1914 amalgamation of the Northern and Southern Protectorates of Nigeria by the British into a single political entity. In summary, we can affirm that Lagos was the first capital of Nigeria from January 1, 1914, when the amalgamation took place, to October 1, 1963, when Nigeria cut off all ties with Britain to become a Republic and a Sovereign State The aftermath of colonialism in Nigeria has affected Nigeria’s socio-political development, especially in the false marriage with the sobriquet; amalgamation where different entities were fused to live as one. The basic assumptions of the theory are that realism explains international relation in terms of power, they differ with idealist on their assumption about Education and emancipation, educational policies and «de-emancipation»: a history of the Nigerian education system from 1914 to 2014 n2 003 Akanbi Within a century of its nationhood (1914-2014), Nigeria has witnessed different forms of currencies. D. It was the first time the British colonial administration tried to bring the culturally The amalgamation of the Northern and Southern protectorates of Nigeria by Sir Frederick (later Lord) Lugard in 1914 was a significant event in the annals of world history. Olusanya (1980:545) concurs to this when he wrote that, The emergence of Nigerian nationalism predated the establishment of effective British rule over the whole country Semantic Scholar extracted view of "The background to the amalgamation of Nigeria in 1914" by A. This work seeks to explore the concept of amalgamation, its significance and analytical forethought in order to recommend solutions to some myriads of problems that the In the annals of Nigeria’s history; one chapter that has remained till today controversial and very elusive to candid clarification is the amalgamation of 1914. Amalgamation means combining two or more areas into one. More than 106 years after amalgamation, the wisdom of this step is ABSTRACT: This paper examines Nigeria Constitutional development from 1914-1960. The ill –conceived connubial resolution that brought Southern Nigeria and Northern Nigeria together in 1914 is up till today being debated to be the basis of the problems we are facing today. 2019 . by . Akanji (*) Department of Political Science, Faculty of the Social Sciences, University of Ibadan, Nationalist Movement in Nigeria before 1914 What became known as nationalist movement in Nigeria or Nigerian nationalism after the amalgamation of 1914 had its roots prior to the Nigerian amalgamation in 1914. Mon, 31 Aug 2020 0:37:57 WAT . Abstract: This paper documents Nigeria’s economic development experience over the period 1914 – 2014. 1 2020 www. The most popular story says that it was done in Lagos and only 28 Nigerians were present at the ceremony. The British conquest and amalgamation of Nigeria also came to focus. In 1914, Nigeria's Northern and Southern areas. Log in with Facebook Log in with Google. Lugard) on the occasion of the declaration of the Constitution of the Colony and Protectorate of Nigeria, January 1, 1914. It is no longer news that the Northern and Southern Protectorates were joined together in 1914 to become one political entity now known as Nigeria. While the motives of the architects may seem The Amalgamation of Nigeria took place in 1914, and involved the joining together of the Northern and Southern Protectorates of the country. In this interview with authors Feyi Fawehinmi and Fola Fagbule authors of Formation: The Making of Nigeria, from Jihad to Amalgamation. In January, 2014 it will be 100 years In different phases of the 100 years of Nigeria as a nation from the amalgamation of the Northern and Southern Protectorates on January 1, 1914 to the convocation of a National Conference in March 2014, the nature, character and prospects of national conferences have been turning points in the history of the country. ple, while the Nigerian Chronicle of 23 January 1914 noted that the amalgamation was “Union of name [which] does not mean or involve a union of customs and man-ners,” the Times of Nigeria of 5 May 1914 considered the amalgamation as “the O. The British’s contact with the people of Nigeria and the amalgamation of its diverse peoples in1914 were epochal in Nigeria’s The 2014 centenary celebration was timely in Nigeria’s political history, as it sought to explore the significance of the 1914’s connubial relation that exists among divergent Nigerian interests, especially as we celebrated a century long existence. To alleviate these problems, The colonization and amalgamation of the groups had consistently threatened the unity of Nigeria. Between 1914 and 2014 eleven conferences were held to fashion out an The first five heads of the Nigeria Department (1898–1914) were Reginald Antrobus, William Mercer, William Baillie Hamilton, Sydney Olivier, and Charles Strachey. Before independence, the shadow of ethnicity had grown so tall that even the contradictory colonial national anthem could not exorcise it. YOU are all aware that His Majesty’s Government, after long and mature consideration, arrived some time ago at the conclusion that it would be to the great Nigeria did not therefore legally expire on 1st January, 2014. Semantic Scholar's Logo. Misconception of Amalgamation of Nigeria In 1914 1Yakubu Haruna Jae, 2Ntim Gyakari Esew 1Department of Political Science, Kaduna State University, Kaduna 2Department of Political Science, Kaduna State University, Kaduna. Prior to the 15 th century which was the era of state formations and emergence of kingdoms. At the risk of passing judgment on which of the two has surpassed the From the way, the 1914 amalgamation was conceived, the union was never meant to be a political elixir but an ill-conceived palliative economic measure. The popular theory says “RE – WHO SIGNED amalgamation DOCUMENTS IN 1914 AND WHERE?" There were only 28 persons The Amalgamation of Nigeria has been seen as fraud from most quarters in Nigeria, different people have argued that the basis of Nigeria’s problem as of today can be traced back to 1914, the bringing together of the northern and southern Nigeria protectorates in 1914 was not in the interest of the people but was based on business interest by the British colonialists Given the ethno religious diversity of the various groups that presently constitute modern Nigeria, the amalgamation of southern and Northern Nigeria protectorates by British colonizers in 1914 has been widely referred to by many observers and scholars as a mistake in colonial administration. It traces the history of the country from the 1851 attack on Lagos and examines the series of events leading up to the 1914 amalgamation. According to some writers, the amalgamation was a mistake and Nigeria, the paper showed that different educational policies have been formulated since the colonial era to date. By Gambo Dori. iiardpub. Each phase has had a Nigeria is a mosaic of many ethno-linguistic groups, some large, many very small indeed, altogether numbering about 250. 100 years amalgamation (1914-2014). Nigeria, since its creation in 1914 with the amalgamation of the Northern and Southern protectorates, has experimented with eight different constitutions. Olivier was a member of the Fabian Society and a friend of George Bernard Shaw. Summary. O. 10, No. According to realist power can be conceptualized as influence, or as capabilities that can create influence. After this amalgamation, and prior Amalgamation of Nigeria was envisioned from early on in its governance, as is made clear by the report of the Niger Committee in 1898. Abstract . The battalion remained in Nigeria for local defense and to Nigeria’s Amalgamation Expires In 2014 The amalgamation of southern and northern Nigeria by the British was to be experimented for 100 YEARS to know if it’s going to work or not, according to the secret government document the British left after independence. It happened after the British Relying on primary and secondary sources, this paper critically examines the nexus between the 1914 amalgamation and the British colonial policies that followed, on the Like most parts of Africa, Nigeria was colonized by an imperial foreign power. Now fulani are threat Yoruba and other tribe in Nigeria that they are coming for our Yoruba and others tribe land in Nigeria with war The amalgamation of Nigeria in 1914 is no exception. The amalgamation of Nigeria was introduced by the newly appointed and first British Governor –General of colonial Nigeria Lord Lugard The amalgamation of 1914 was no mistake. The process of amalgamation had already been initiated in 1906 when the Colony and Protectorate of Lagos and the Protectorate of Southern Nigeria were fused into the Colony and Protectorate of Southern Nigeria. The task of unifying the various ethnic, religious, political and socioeconomic groupings in Nigeria has remained a daunting national challenge more than hundred years after amalgamation in 1914. However, 100 years after the amalgamation, Nigeria has been unable to It is for this reason that many Nigerians would always get it wrong by thinking and concluding that 1914 was the issue with Nigeria. Nigeria currently occupies an area of 923,763 km square, and it would not be possible without the Amalgamation of Nigeria. But how far have we come as a nation? Join this roundtable panel of analys The aftermath of colonialism in Nigeria has affected Nigeria’s socio-political development, especially in the false marriage with the sobriquet; amalgamation where different entities were fused to live as one. This paper aims at examining developments in the Nigerian currency system from 1914 to 2014. Despite the reliance of Nigerian peasant farmers on traditional tools and indigenous farming methods, The paper examined governance in Nigeria since 1914, and look at how the executive, legislatures, and the judiciary operate in the country, indeed, the three arms of government are believing to The amalgamation of Nigeria‘s northern and southern protectorate by the British colonial administrators clocked 100 years in 2014. Journal of Political Science and Leadership Research E-ISSN 2504-883X P-ISSN 2695 2432 Vol. The conferences that occurred before Nigeria's independence were convened to address the issues of the low representation of Nigerians in governance. This work seeks to explore the concept of amalgamation, its significance and analytical forethought in order to recommend solutions to some myriads of problems that the These were the reasons that made the amalgamation of Nigeria possible in 1914. It happened after the British conquest of different parts of Nigeria. The paramount reason why the British lay hold on Nigeria was economic. No, that cannot be, as 1914; with its watershed of amalgamation, remains part of the exodus story of a nation without defined place of anchorage, but it was not the genesis – if Genesis can be appropriately defined as the beginning. Test your knowledge on this pivotal period in Nigeria's history! Many administrations since the amalgamation of Nigeria in 1914 contended with agitations that culminated in the convocation of a conference. Combining the three jurisdictions would reduce administrative expenses and facilitate deployment of resources and money between the areas. 208) Chapter: 17; Publisher: John Archers; Authors: Zacchaeus Dolapo. We find that agricultural sector contributed over 60% of the GDP in the 1960s. This work seeks to explore the concept of amalgamation, its significance and analytical forethought in order to recommend solutions to some myriads of by the British authority in what became known as the 1914 Amalgamation. 2. The posting alludes that some leaders of ethnic nationalities led by emirs and chiefs signed the document for the amalgamation of the northern and southern parts Aso Rock, close to the presidential villa. Nigeria Alice Arinlade Nigeria, the amalgamation of southern and Northern Nigeria protectorates by British colonizers in 1914 has been widely referred to by many observers and scholars as a mistake of colonial When Lugard returned to Nigeria as Governor General in 1912 and introduced the amalgamation in 1914, largely for financial reasons, the content of the amalgamation was profoundly On January 1, 1914, following the recommendations of Sir Frederick Lugard, the two protectorates were amalgamated to form the Colony and Protectorate of Nigeria under a single Jack McCaslin is a research associate for Africa policy studies at the Council on Foreign Relations in Washington, DC. It argues that the first 100 years have been a mixed bag of good and bad. Paul Ilesanmi Akanmidu, Ph. It discusses the geographical location of Nigeria. It delves into the colonial history, including the influence of British rule and the naming of Nigeria by Flora Shaw. The British administered these parts separately, before they were brought together under a central administration. The Ever wondered how modern Nigeria came to be? 🇳🇬 In this episode of All Things Africa, Bisi Akins takes you on a riveting journey through the historic 1914 The Quinquagenarian Banking Age 1914 1914 saw the amalgamation of Northern and Southern protectorates by which time FirstBank had branches in what would today be Kano, Zaria, Calabar, Lagos and Ibadan. 1914 A. As at 1861, Lagos was already an area that was controlled by the colonial masters and it was known as the Lagos Like most parts of Africa, Nigeria was colonized by an imperial foreign power. 1 Amalgamation of Nigeria Amalgamation is the coming together of two or more The image below shows the document at the National Archives, London with which the amalgamation of Nigeria was done. L. 6 No. org IIARD – International Nationalist Movement in Nigeria before 1914 What became known as nationalist movement in Nigeria or Nigerian nationalism after the amalgamation of 1914 had its roots prior to the amalgamation. It was only in Lagos that his plan of amalgamation was fiercely resisted, the other parts of the country remained lackadaisical. However, the 1920 Phelps-Stokes After revoking the charter of the Royal Niger Company in 1899 and conquering the Sokoto Caliphate with the killing of the Sultan, Attahiru, on July 27, 1903, British Colony in 1914 through amalgamation , it is no surprise that shortly after Nigeria was subject to a bloody civil war, corruption, t errorism and a rife North - South divide of Northern Muslims an d Southern Christians. × Close Log In. 3 Thus, the fusion of 1914 was a 2014/2015 campaign promises especially the horrible economic situation and the controversies surrounding Biafra and the Nigerian state. According to him, “Whatever was the reason for the amalgamation and the intention, it was the beginning of the problems of Nigeria. By then the nationalist we know of now were still little to know what happened. Remember me on this A background story of Nigeria’s amalgamation. It was provided by Amanda Kirby Okoli, a London British colonial policies and the challenge of national unity in Nigeria, 1914-2014 . How is it a forced marriage? Let’s take a look at the history of Nigeria amalgamation in 1914, reasons for amalgamation of Nigeria in The background to the amalgamation of Nigeria in 1914: Author: Anjorin, A. The later has been very sensational and forceful. amalgamation of Nigeria in 1914 had to contend with agitations that culminated in one form of restructuring adjustment or the other. Many One hundred years ago, on 1st January 1914, the country, Nigeria, was born, but the order sealing the amalgamation of the then Southern and Northern protectorates to become the country of Nigeria In book: A Century of Nigeria's Amalgamation, 1914-2014: Challenges of Integration (pp. In this article, we will embark on a compelling journey through history to explore the lives of key personalities who played instrumental roles in the amalgamation of The 1914 amalgamation and the fault lines between the north and south remain among the most contentious issues in modern Nigeria. com . Abstract: Nigeria as a nation came into being in the year 1914 through the amalgamation of the Southern and Northern Protectorates by Sir Frederick Lugard. It is most appropriate at this point to define the meaning and effect of ‘amalgamation’. In 1914, Southern Nigeria was joined with Northern Nigeria Protectorate to form the single colony of Nigeria. However, the perceived imbalance in the structure of t he country and the 1914 amalgamation as expired in 2014 Lord Frederick lugard join Yoruba and other tribe together in 1914 and his girlfriend name us Nigeria and he said we're going to be together for 100 years before we breakup. This remains as controversial as the partition of Africa, reflected in protectorates of Nigeria in 1914. It was a criminal amalgamation for selfish economic and political reasons The Nigeria Amalgamation of 1914 In document Case for political decentralisation in Nigeria (Page 51-54) Administrative difficulties aside, amalgamation of the two protectorates was based on economic expediency. ) Nigeria became a Nation-State on January 1, 1914 with the amalgamation of the southern and northern protectorates, after many years of colonial rule, on 1st October, 1960 Nigeria gained its The legacy of the 1914 amalgamation has as such largely been one of war, death and destruction for Nigeria. In modern times, it is often the trend for imperialist western countries to point the finger at ‘developing’ countries, highlighting their backwardness and amalgamation of 1914 in Nigeria in relation to the state of the country after almost 100 years of her creation. This video aims to giv The Divided Amalgamation and Nigeria Since 1914 The fraudulent nature of the 1914 exercise is exposed in the fact that while the colonial government was embarking on the Amalgamation venture, the same administration was busy sowing seed of discord among the parts through the creation of imposed caste-system. 2(4), December 2014 It was in response to this that: The late sir Ahmadu Bello, the Sardauna of Sokoto in his book entitled “My Life” opined that the 1914 amalgamation of Southern and Northern Nigeria was a mistake and that the north could have been allowed to go on their own way. Indeed, by 1914, there was amalgamation but no unification because there was no Nigerian Consciousness. Zacchaeus Dolapo. A demonstration of our long-term commitment to national development. A supposed ‘Treaty of Amalgamation 1914’ was in focus. While the motives of the architects may seem questionable to some, the undeniable truth is Misconception of Amalgamation of Nigeria In 1914 1Yakubu Haruna Jae, 2Ntim Gyakari Esew 1Department of Political Science, Kaduna State University, Kaduna 2Department of Political Science, Kaduna State University, Kaduna. Under the Colonial Office was the Governor, who managed administration of his colony and held powers of emergency Colonialism began with the reorganization and fusion of territories known as amalgamation between 1861 and 1914, an act which was not meant to nurture a federal idea. Nwanosike 1* , Ugbor I. It examines the provisions of the Nigerian council of 1914, 1922 Clifford‟s agitation for dialogue/national and constitutional conferences in Nigeria. Frederick Lugard, who was appointed to replace Egerton in 1914, had his shortcomings as the Governor-General of both Southern and Northern Nigeria. Email. However, those dreams and Development and Statehood in Nigeria, 1914-1979 Ponfa D. In spite of all the challenges Nigeria is facing, the country is still considered as having the potential to become an economic power if it Title: The Amalgamation of Nigeria’s Northern and Southern Protectorates: Blessing or Curse? Author: Mathias Chukwudi Isiani & Ngozika Obi-Ani, University of Nigeria, Nsukka. After this amalgamation, and prior to At the start of World War II the 4th battalion, along with the 6th, 7th and 12th battalions, was grouped with the 1st Sierra Leone Rifles and 1st Battalion, Gambia Regiment, to form the 6th (West Africa) Infantry Brigade. The story of how Nigeria's ethnic groups were forcefully merged by the British You are all aware that His Majesty’s Government, after long and mature consideration, arrived some time ago at the conclusion that it would be to the great advantage of the countries known as Southern and In 1914, the British Protectorates of Northern and Southern Nigeria were amalgamated by Frederick Lugard, 1st Baron Lugard, a mercenary, soldier, exploer and colonial administrator. Year: 1967: Periodical: Odù: Journal of Yoruba and Related Studies: Volume: 3: Issue: 2: Pages: 72-86: Language: English: Geographic terms: Nigeria Great Britain: Subjects: colonialism political unification history: Abstract: Suggestions for the amalgamation of the country now known as Nigeria’s Amalgamation Of 1914: What Our Leaders Say! How True? / Amalgamation Of 1914: Was It A Mistake? / Fraudulent Amalgamation Of 1914: Sovereign National Conference Is The Way To Go (1) Rethinking The Mistake Of 1914 by geeez: 7:16am On Jan 05, 2014; Simon Kolawole Live!: By Simon Kolawole, Email: THE ISSUE OF NIGERIA'S AMALGAMATION: Nigeria was amalgamated in 1914 by Lord Lugard, but today exactly 99 years plus, close to a century, here we are discussing the event of almost 100 years past, this discussion is very necessary considering the impact that the event of 100 years ago (amalgamation) has had and what it is still having on us today. the background to the amalgamation of nigeria in 1914. Igho Natufe (Institute for African Studies, Moscow, Russia); e-mail: igho. Corpus ID: 129672928 ; The background to the amalgamation of Nigeria in 1914 Ethnic diversity and inter-group relations are topical issues in the social and political history of a plural society like Nigeria. This manifested in, for example This paper is an examination of the first 100 years of Nigeria between 1914 and 2014. However, the ordinances of the colonial government did not reflect that as Given the ethno religious diversity of the various groups that presently constitute modern Nigeria, the amalgamation of southern and Northern Nigeria protectorates by British colonizers in 1914 has been widely referred to by many observers and scholars as a mistake in colonial administration. O. Numerous ancient African civilizations settled in the region that is known today as Nigeria, such as the Kingdom of Nri, [1] the Benin Kingdom, [2] and the played by the ethnic factor in the course of Nigeria‟s history as a nation. (Specifically it would enable direct subsidy of the less profitable Northern jurisdiction. Password. As governor he attempted to prevent the importation or consumption of alcoholic beverages; he also tried to end slavery in the colony. This work seeks to explore the concept of amalgamation, its significance and analytical forethought in order to recommend solutions to some myriads of problems that the 1914 Nigeria Amalgamation Speech By Sir Frederick Lugard January 1, 1914. Search. This person is not on Contrary to popular stories that the amalgamation of the Nigerian state was done on the 1st of January 1914 in Nigeria. The northern protectorate was running at a severe deficit, which was being subsidised by southern protectorate and an imperial grant-in aid from Britain each year. The Nigerian state where all these quagmires are raging came into being by the British amalgamation agenda of 1914 according to Akani Abstract: The history of modern Nigeria is often tied to the 1914 Amalgamation episode, under which the Northern and Southern Protectorates were unified to create the Nigerian entity. Odeh notes this: the move toward amalgamation was not informed by the The history of modern Nigeria is often tied to the 1914 Amalgamation episode, under which the Northern and Southern Protectorates were unified to create the Nigerian entity. The paper demonstrates how the Nigerian One hundred years ago, on 1st January 1914, the country, Nigeria, was born, but the order sealing the amalgamation of the then Southern and Northern protectorates to become the country of Nigeria The aftermath of colonialism in Nigeria has affected Nigeria’s socio-political development, especially in the false marriage with the sobriquet; amalgamation where different entities were fused to live as one. As such, even as the centenary celebrations of the country s European Scientific Journal November 2014 edition vol. Sep 2, 2023 by FlashIsaac Leave a Comment. Ogbuabor 2 , Benedict Uzoechina 1 , Gabriel O. On January 1914, The British officially launched the union of Nigeria, which was initially lumped together in two entities – Northern and Southern Nigeria. 12 Likes 6 Shares. Akanji (*) Department of Political Science, Faculty of the Social Sciences, University of Ibadan, The background to the amalgamation of Nigeria in 1914: Author: Anjorin, A. The present day Nigeria (plus or minus some territories) came into existence with formal amalgamation of conquered territories of the North and South by the British Colonial Governor – Lord Lugard in 1914. Year: 1967: Periodical: Odù: Journal of Yoruba and Related Studies: Volume: 3: Issue: 2: Pages: 72-86: Southern and Northern Protectorate were joined to form Nigeria in 1914. However, events since 1914 have shown that the area has One hundred and ten years ago, on January 1, 1914, British colonial hegemons welded together the deeply disparate Southern and Northern Protectorates and Lagos into a socio-culturally and This paper is an examination of the first 100 years of Nigeria between 1914 and 2014. The 1914 amalgamation and agitation for dialogue on self determination The 1914 amalgamation of the Northern and Southern Protectorates was a British colonial initiative. 1|Issue 05|Pg:314-325 2014 Oyediran, Nwosu, Takaya, Anifowose, Badejo, In conclusion, colonialism began with the re- Ogboghodo and Abgaje (2008) gave the general organization and fusion of territories known as features of Nigerian federalism in summary as As Nigeria turns 60, it is inevitable to look back at what has been while looking hopefully towards the future. In this post, we take a look at how this came to be and The history of modern Nigeria is often tied to the 1914 Amalgamation episode, under which the Northern and Southern Protectorates were unified to create the Nigerian entity. It was supposedly to be a historical landmark for Nigeria giant stride for greatness. Here in Nigeria, we have a unique opportunity to demonstrate the workability of the African dream of unification. Nigeria as it is, is made up of not less than 250 ethnic groups The Amalgamation of Nigeria took place in 1914, and involved the joining together of the Northern and Southern Protectorates of the country. The basic assumptions of the theory are that realism explains international relation in terms of power, they differ with idealist on their assumption about human nature, international order, and the potential peace. However, Report by Sir Frederick Lugard on the Amalgamation of Northern and Southern Nigeria, and Administration, 1912-1919; Documents: Extract from Sir Frederick Lugard’s ‘Strictly Confidential’ Memorandum on the Administration of Nigeria submitted to the Secretary of State, May 1905; C. 10 This constant change of our From amalgamation in 1914 until 1946, there was no political or administrative interaction among the various peoples of Nigeria. More As discussed here, the merging together of the Northern and Southern protectorates of Nigeria took place in 1914 in what formed a diverse tapestry of cultures, languages, and landscapes. In Nigeria's parlance, amalgamation refers to the January 1914 fusion of hitherto separate administrative systems of the Northern and Southern Protectorates although Adiele Afigbo has The 2014 centenary celebration was timely in Nigeria’s political history, as it sought to explore the significance of the 1914’s connubial relation that exists among divergent Nigerian interests, Every student of history in Nigeria knows that the amalgamation took place in 1914 when the Northern and Southern Protectorates were merged into a single colony. Mr Siollun declared “Perhaps no question makes Nigerians disagree as much as why Britain PDF | On Jan 1, 2014, Aishat Abdulrauf and others published Indigenous Language Newspapers in Nigeria from 1914 to 2013: A Review | Find, read and cite all the research you need on ResearchGate The historic amalgamation of the Northern and Southern Protectorates in 1914 gave birth to Nigeria. The three colonial territories continued to be governed separately This quiz explores the historical context of Nigeria's formation in 1914, focusing on the amalgamation of the Northern and Southern protectorates by Lord Frederick Lugard. The amalgamation of Nigeria was done in 1914 but part of the groundwork was done in 1906 when the Lagos colony was merged Nigerian amalgamation in 1914. Abstract: This paper examines the false perception attached to the amalgamation of Nigeria in 1914. Sign In Create Free Account. It Economic Development Dynamics in Nigeria: Evide nce from 1914- 2014 Dominic U. Agitation, 1914-1999 . However, events since 1914 have shown that the area has been drifting from a supposedly unified nation towards a state of anarchy, which the paper describes as Armageddon In January 1914, Britain merged two separate colonial territories in West Africa to form the modern state of Nigeria. Amalgamation: The bright side of 1914. ru The Northern and Southern protectorates of Nigeria were amalgamated by British Colonial Governor Fredrick Lugard in January 1914. Olusanya (1980:545) concurs to this when he wrote that, The emergence of Nigerian nationalism predated the establishment of effective British rule over the whole country October 1 marks Nigeria's 59th anniversary of her independence from colonial rule. Data obtained Like most parts of Africa, Nigeria was colonized by an imperial foreign power. The history of Nigeria can be traced to the earliest inhabitants whose date remains at least 13,000 BC through the early civilizations such as the Nok culture which began around 1500 BC. The most important In recent time, Chief Fred Agbaje, quoted by Femi Akomolafe in his article, Nigeria: Celebrating the mistake of 1914 (2014), held that the union is a wasted alliance. The real gist of the The aftermath of colonialism in Nigeria has affected Nigeria’s socio-political development, especially in the false marriage with the sobriquet; amalgamation where different entities were fused to live as one. This amalgamation was done primarily for economic exploitation of Nigeria's natural resources rather than to create a true unified territory. Anjorin. To alleviate these problems, Northern Nigeria were amalgamated with Southern Nigeria to form the single Colony and Protectorate of Nigeria in 1914. HOME; TOPICS; APPS; Amalgamation of Nigeria in 1914 – The Real Gist. However, those dreams and aspirations have never been realized. The AMALGAMATION, LAND/MINERAL ORDINANCES AND SOCIO-ECONOMIC DEVELOPMENTS IN NIGERIA SINCE C. The basic assumptions of the theory are that realism explains international relation in terms of power, they differ with idealist on their assumption about 13. 1900-1914 – Home-stretch to Amalgamation The Northern and Southern Protectorates as said were administered as separate political and geographical entities with clear borders and However, though it is always in the character of those in government in Nigeria to play ostrich all a bid to be labeled patriots, the truth is that if indeed the amalgamation of the history of the Nigerian education system from 1914 to 2014 Grace Oluremi Akanbi e-mail: ayo4remi@gmail. What other nation in all of Africa In recent times, many agitators claim that the 1914 amalgamation of northern and southern Nigeria was an agreement to merge endorsed by the peoples of those regions. Among other things, he was mandated to unite The history of modern Nigeria is often tied to the 1914 Amalgamation episode, under which the Northern and Southern Protectorates were unified to create the Nigerian entity. FlashLearners. We hear rare archive recordings of The expiry of the amalgamation pits Jonathan’s proposed national conference against growing disillusionment, religious and ethnic divisions, political posturing, and terrorism in Nigeria. The image below shows the document at the Opinion - THERE appears to be a bright side to the 1914 amalgamation of Nigeria by the British after all. Amalgamation Of The Northern And Southern Protectorate – The amalgamation of the Northern and Southern Protectorates of Nigeria in 1914 marked a significant event in the country’s history, shaping its political, social, and economic landscape. The historic amalgamation of northern and southern protectorate of Nigeria unrolled through historical processes. If we go by Ikedikwa’s definition of amalgamation, the following mind bulging questions Some mischief makers even alleged that the amalgamation of 1914 was meant to be for 100 years, that it expired on January 1, 2014 and Nigeria must revert to the status quo ante like an expired product that had passed its ‘sell-by’ date. This work seeks to explore the concept of amalgamation, its significance and analytical forethought in order to recommend solutions to some myriads of problems that the . 31 ISSN: 1857 – 7881 (Print) e - ISSN 1857- 7431 269 Introduction When the First World War broke out in 1914 and lasted till 1918, little did Nigerians realize that the beginning and the end of the war would usher in a glorious beginning for Nigeria. Conclusion, it is clear that Nigeria we know today was brought to together as a result of British economic interest and not the interest of the Nigeria. After this amalgamation, and prior to independence, there was no education policy clearly defined by the colonial government; instead, several educational ordinances were promulgated. This content is accurate and true to the best of the author’s knowledge and is not meant to substitute for formal and individualized advice The paper examined governance in Nigeria since 1914, and look at how the executive, legislatures, and the judiciary operate in the country, indeed, the three arms of government are believing to A picture of the house in Zungeru, Niger State, where Frederick Lugard actually signed the amalgamation Northern and Southern Nigeria on 1 January 1914 into effect. There is debate around whether Nigeria can truly be 322 Nigerian Cite as : An Evaluation Of The Origins, Structure And Features Of Nigerian Federalism; Vol. Nnamdi Azikiwe was AS the year 2013 wound up, an argument gained considerable grounds. The paper demonstrates how the Nigerian Historical Map of Sub-Saharan Africa (1 January 1914 - Amalgamation of Nigeria: By the 1910s the British had mostly pacified Northern Nigeria but found administering the region difficult and costly. Nationalist Movement in Nigeria before 1914 What became known as nationalist movement in Nigeria or Nigerian nationalism after the amalgamation of 1914 had its roots prior to the amalgamation. The amalgamation exercise remains a reference point in Nigerian historical development. According to Keywords: Amalgamation, Nation, Nation-Building, Nation Building Process, Nation–State 1. Ebenyi 1 Advantages and Disadvantages of Amalgamation in Nigeria. The British colonial edict of 1914 could be renewed or denounced, and The amalgamation of Nigeria was introduced by the newly appointed and first British Governor –General of colonial Nigeria Lord Lugard in January 1, 1914. Department of History and International Studies, AdekunleAjasin University, Akungba- Akoko, Ondo State, Nigeria . The amalgamation wasn’t an idea that emanated from any of the two indigenous bodies; the Northern and Southern Protectorates that were forcefully brought together. The purposes of the movement were majorly to achieve both political and economic emancipation for the disparate groups who had come together courtesy of the amalgamation of the northern and southern protectorates in 1914, from the Historical Map of Northern Africa (1 January 1914 - Amalgamation of Nigeria: By the 1910s the British had mostly pacified Northern Nigeria but found administering the region difficult and costly. Many today (in fact since 2014) say that there was an ouster or severance clause inserted into the amalgamation treaty, and that it has since expired. Slaves formerly had been traded for European goods, especially guns and gunpowder, but now the British encouraged trade in palm oil in the Niger delta states, ostensibly to replace the trade in slaves. The amalgamation was obviously done to The task of unifying the various ethnic, religious, political and socioeconomic groupings in Nigeria has remained a daunting national challenge more than hundred years after amalgamation in 1914. The emancipation of the Nigerian economy from the 1914 regions of Nigeria The history of modern Nigeria is often tied to the 1914 Amalgamation episode, under which the Northern and Southern Protectorates were unified to create the Nigerian entity. The British European Scientific Journal November 2014 edition vol. The paper reviewed the different literature and presented the education ordinances, codes and policies under three (3) eras which are; the pre-amalgamation era (1848 -1908), post-amalgamation to Independence (1914-1960) era Nigeria - Colonialism, Independence, Politics: The Sokoto jihad and the Yoruba wars stimulated the slave trade at a time when the British were actively trying to stop it. representation was a f air a nd adequ ate bo dy to legislate for the whole country The Nigerian state, created in 1914, as an act of British colonialism, by the amalgamation of two existing British colonial states, the Protectorate of Northern Nigeria and the Colony and Protectorate of Southern Nigeria was 100 years old on the 1 st day of January 2014. It was the year that the British colonial administration brought the culturally diverse peoples of Nigeria together under one central administration. However, events since 1914 have shown that the area has The history of modern Nigeria is often tied to the 1914 Amalgamation episode, under which the Northern and Southern Protectorates were unified to create the Nigerian entity. By Sir Frederick LugardSpeech by the Governor-General (Sir F. Nigeria as a nation came into being in the year 1914 through the amalgamation of the Southern and Northern Protectorates by Sir Frederick Lugard. It was called the Amalgamation of Nigeria. It was a political blunder; much of the history of Nigeria supports this thesis, although no one would acknowledge this in modern Nigeria. It describes how Nigeria was previously divided into the Northern and Southern Let us fast-track the narration to the events of 1914 – the year of the amalgamation, as this would prove the evidence of the colossal disaster of that year – 1914. As such, even as the centenary celebrations of the country s Nigeria has expired now. com Emmanuel Alayande College of Education. The story of the hundred-year time period between 1804 and 1914 during which the character of Like Abeokuta, Kano, Asaba, and Ilorin, Calabar is a capital IN Nigeria, but not at any time a capital OF Nigeria. Ten years later, some prominent Nigerians have begun making a case for a reassessment of Britain’s decision in 1914 to merge two “totally unrelated” parts of its colony into a nation. THERE appears to be a bright side to the 1914 amalgamation of Nigeria by the British after all. There is a general agreement in Nigeria today that the “amalgamation” of the north and south was a mistake, yet the event has to be celebrated 100 years on. By Eyenisong Ibibio. Nigeria which occupies a total area of 923, 768 sq km with a current population of about 177m and about 394 distinct groups and languages began the journey into its first century and nationhood with the amalgamation of Northern and Southern areas (protectorates) of the Niger by Sir Frederick Lord Lugard, the first British Governor General under the Majesty’s Government and Lugard became governor-general of the colony of Nigeria from 1914 to 1919. Skip to search form Skip to main content Skip to account menu. It is important however to remember that this nation came into being not by amalgamation of all these ethno-linguistic groups, but of two British Protectorates, Northern and Southern Nigeria, which could have gone on to develop independently like This paper documents Nigeria's economic development experience over the period 1914-2014. Re: Picture Of The House Where Fredrick Lugard Signed Amalgamation In 1914 by amSTARboy: 3:32pm On Aug 15, 2023; Almiron: A picture of the house in Zungeru, Niger The 1914 amalgamation of Nigeria was an unfinished business from ‘Berlin 1885’. 1914 to 2014 marks one hundred years after the Northern and Southern Protectorates of Nigeria were amalgamated to form the political edifice christened Nigeria. It therefore defies logic that right-thinking Nigerians would want to turn that into a cause célèbre. It assesses the concept „constitution‟. The traditional method which made appeal to the various administrations is the convocation of a national conference which in turn gave birth to new or revised constitutions. [2] The unification was done for economic reasons and the colonial administration Using the eventuality of the Nigerian civil war with recourse to the historical analytical method of qualitative research, this paper traces the origin of Nigeria’s problem to In essence, reference to the Boko Haram phenomenon as one of the factors that underscores the mistake of the 1914 amalgamation of the Northern and Southern This paper seeks to unearth the progression of economic development of Nigeria from 1914 to 2014. The paper shows that the economy has metamorphosed from Agro economy to oil economy. Land Mass: Nigeria probably has Frederick Luggard to thank for the large landmass or area that it has. The present day Nigeria (plus or minus some territories) came into existence with formal In the annals of Nigeria's history; one chapter that has remained till today controversial and very elusive to candid clarification is the amalgamation of 1914. From this stand point, it could be said that our problems or the Nigerian problems in recent time are traceable to unification or fusion of the protectorates of Nigeria known as “amalgamation”. Kums The Amalgamation Story and Misrepresentation of the of Periscoping Nigeria since 1914 Making Nigeria: Emmanuel Osewe Akubor 3 Nigeria, 1914-2014: State Making and State Craft: A Critical Review of the Misconception of Amalgamation of Nigeria In 1914 Yakubu H A R U N A Ja'e 2014, IOSR Journal of Humanities and Social Science Historical Map of Sub-Saharan Africa (1 January 1914 - Amalgamation of Nigeria: By the 1910s the British had mostly pacified Northern Nigeria but found administering the region difficult and costly. Femi Akomolafe reports on the year-long centenary celebrations that PDF | On Feb 28, 2019, Uwem Jonah Akpan published Constitutional Development and the Evolution of the Nigerian State Since 1914 | Find, read and cite all the research you need on ResearchGate Southern and Northern Nigeria, a British Protectorate at the time, were combined to form what is now known as Nigeria in the year 1914. Although the document is kept secret, this fact is generally known to the ruling class, most dons of political science and ple, while the Nigerian Chronicle of 23 January 1914 noted that the amalgamation was “Union of name [which] does not mean or involve a union of customs and man-ners,” the Times of Nigeria of 5 May 1914 considered the amalgamation as “the O. In the north, Islam and Islamic influence came to the Hausa- Fulani and However, in 1906, Walter Egerton, the then Governor-general merged Lagos colony with the Southern protectorate to form a new colony, Southern Nigeria, and the Lagos colony was then officially renamed the Colony and Protectorate of Southern Nigeria. Meanwhile, he focused on ending the existing system of two protectorates in favour of a single colony. The Nigeria people especially the educated elite were aggrieved that they were not consulted. In spite of Nigeria Amalgamation Document 1914. However, events since 1914 have shown that the area has been drifting from a supposedly unified nation towards a state of anarchy, which the paper describes as Armageddon 1. However, events since 1914 have shown that the area has been drifting from a supposedly unified nation towards a state of anarchy, which the paper describes as Armageddon. If Nigeria would be dissolved, it would be through a popular The aftermath of colonialism in Nigeria has affected Nigeria’s socio-political development, especially in the false marriage with the sobriquet; amalgamation where different entities were fused to live as one. The ill-conceived connubial resolution that brought Southern Nigeria and Northern Nigeria together in 1914 is up till today being debated to be the basis of the problems we are facing as a Nation. Source. This paper aims at examining developments in the Nigerian currency system from Nationalist Movement in Nigeria before 1914 What became known as nationalist movement in Nigeria or Nigerian nationalism after the amalgamation of 1914 had its roots prior to the That was the case of amalgamation of Nigeria in 1914. Nigeria has gone far beyond a de-amalgamation of her 1914 amalgamation. Africa as a whole needs to move forward but that may be difficult until Yoruba and Biafra become The real gist of the Amalgamation of Nigeria in 1914. iijex gxpg abekw hdjgl vlwt klaczlw hujseo zttvmq hrvvau avrx